Personality (BPT_Psychology)

Personality (BPT_Psychology)

War Minus shooting-The Sporting Spirit-George Orwell- Notes (Eng-101)

 WAR MINUS SHOOTING
The Sporting Spirit

About Author

• Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950) , pen name George Orwell was born in Bengal and Educated in England
• He was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic
• ‘Animal farm’ a greatest novel, which is a political satire about Russian revolution
• ‘Nineteen Eighty-four’ is a last work, written in the form of readable  novel about totalitarianism

 

Introduction

• The Sporting Spirit" is an essay, published in the magazine Tribune on 14 December 1945
• The essay became famous for Orwell's description of international sporting competitions as "war minus the shooting"
• Sports never generate bonds of friendship, politicized and hyper-nationalistic emotions ill-will between nations.
• The essay was considered a political symbolism

Summary

• George Orwell's views on competitive games in his essay
•  This essay starts with a critical view of the Great Britain tour by the Dynamo Moscow football club
• He says, through this tour, little good-will existed between “Soviet and British”
• He specifically noted that the fight incidents between the ‘visiting side’ and the Arsenal Team Football Club
•  Later, the Rangers team refused to play and ended the tour
• Those incidents create embarrassment among the countries
•  Orwell does not hide his thoughts “Sports such as football, cricket and Olympic may create for goodwill between the nations”
• He continues to say, “Sport was never created bonds of friendship between nations” but generated "orgies of hatred".
• He cites the examples of the Summer Olympic Games in Berlin in 1936
• He used to say cricket as well-mannered and graceful like the “body line series “ (an England cricket team toured in Australia) and the Australian cricket team in England in 1921
• He calls sports like Boxing and Football are worse
• The boxing games between white and colored people are horrible
• The role of competitive sport in the National level is new developments
•  India and Burma should have necessary strong cordons of police to keep the crowd from invading the field
• The first football match was played in Spain about 15 years ago, led to an uncontrolled riot
•  Strong feelings of rivalry are aroused
•  He states that the   audience of the games indulged in encouraging their own team and attempting to rattle their opposition so they charged and accused of jingoism
• Sport does not have much fair play, it encourages violence called “war minus shooting”
• Most of the games were origin from “Roman Times”
•  Dr.Arnold, the founder of Modern Public School, looked at “games are a waste of time”
•  Latterly felt that games are group activity is essential for physical strength
•  England and USA games build up with heavy financial activity, attracting huge crowds for savage passion
•  Nationalism shift to play sports, that involve competitive prestige
•  This infection has spread from country to country especially in the games are Football and Boxing
• In a rustic community a boy or young man works off a good deal of his surplus energy by walking, swimming, snowballing, climbing trees, riding horses, and by various sports involving cruelty to animals, such as fishing, cook-fighting, and ferreting for rats.
• Games are taken seriously in London and New York, and they were taken seriously in Rome and Byzantium:
• In the Middle Ages, they were played, and probably played with much physical brutality but they were not mixed up with politics nor a cause of group hatred.
• The rivalry began to develop especially, a series of football matches between Jews and Arabs, Germans and Czechs, Indians and British, Russians and Poels, and Italians and Yugoslavs, each match to be watched by a mixed audience of 100,000 spectators.
• He suggests that sport is one of the main causes of international rivalry; big-scale sport is itself and produces nationalism.
• The author concludes by saying that, still mistakes are being committed by labeling a team of eleven men as the champions whereas another team is made to be the losers.

Frustration ppt (BPT_Psychology)

 Frustration

(BPT_Psychology)

Syllabus-ENG 101 Comprehension and Communication Skills in English (1+1)

 ENG 101 Comprehension and Communication Skills in English  (1+1)-Syllabus

Parts of Speech (grammar) Eng 101

Parts of Speech (grammar) Eng 101

 

Listening Skill-Notes(Eng-101)

Communication

               Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another.

Types:

a.Verbal Communication

b.Non-Verbal Communication

Basic four skills in English

Listening

*       According to Oxford Living Dictionaries, to listen is to give attention to sound or action.  

*       Listening- one is hearing what others are saying, and trying to understand what it means

*       Merriam Webster dictionary defines “to hear something which thoughtful attention or pay attention to sound”

*       Listening involves identifying the sounds of speech and processing them into words and sentences.

*       When we listen, we use our ears to receive individual sounds (letters, stress, rhythm and pauses) and we use our brain to convert these into messages that mean something to us.

*       Listening differs from obeying-the result is not what the speaker wanted.

*       A person who receives and understands information or an instruction

 Hearing and Listening

HEARING	LISTENING
It is one way process	It is two way process
Perceiving sound and receiving sound	hearing a sound and understanding what you hear.
it just happens all the time – whether you like it or not	Requires concentration so that your brain processes meaning from words and sentences.
Concentration is not required	Concentration is required
Subconscious level	Conscious level
Hearing simply happens.	Listening leads to learning
It is the reception of the sounds	It focuses to understanding the meaning

Listening Mode

Combative or Competitive Listening mode

*       Competitive or combative listening happens when we are more interested in promoting our own point of view than in understanding or exploring someone else’s view.

*       We listen either for openings to take the floor, or for flaws and weak points we can attack.

*       Eg. Court argument

 Attentive or Passive Listening mode

*       We are genuinely interested in hearing and understanding the other person’s point of view.

*       We are attentive and passively listen.

*        We assume that we heard and understood correctly, but stay passive and do not seek clarification.

Active or Reflective Listening mode

*       We are genuinely interested in understanding what the other persons 'message

*       We are actively checking out our understanding before we respond with our own message, by reflecting it back to the sender for clarification.

Types of Listening

INTENSIVE LISTENING

*       Intensive listening tends to get accurate information- focused on specific information

*       Eg. Election, Sports, exams, score.,

*       This is all about analyzing the language

*       To understand every word, phrase, sentence, expression and mood of the speaker

EXTENSIVE LISTENING

*       This technique is all about general listening and getting the general meaning 

*       It is for pleasure and interest without paying attention to content and language

*       Eg. watching a movie, listening story

Process of Listening

Receiving

*       It is the intentional focus on hearing a speaker’s message.

*       It is the primary tool involved with this stage of the listening process.

*       This stage is represented by the ear

Understanding

*       Understanding is the understanding stage, we attempt to learn the meaning of the message, which is not always easy.

*       Deciding what the message means to you

Remembering

*       Remembering begins with listening; if you can’t remember something that was said, you might not have been listening effectively.

Evaluating

*       The fourth stage in the listening process is evaluating.

*       Evaluations of the same message can vary widely from one listener to another.

Responding

*       Responding—sometimes referred to as feedback—is the fifth and final stage of the listening process.

*        Your reaction to the message. It can be emotional and intellectual

Some common barriers in the process of listening are listed below.

1.Pre-judgments about the speaker .

2.Assuming that the speaker is going to give some unimportant information .

3.Arriving late for a speech, presentation or lecture .

4.Judging the speaker by his/her mannerisms, voice, appearance, accent, etc.

5.Lack of concentration/interest .

6.Avoiding listening to difficult, boring or complex information and selectively listening only to what is considered interesting.

7.Speaker or listener being distracted by disturbances .

Tips to Develop Listening Skill

*       Be attentive

*       Be willing to listen

*       Listen for main ideas

*       Understand the speaker  point of view

*       General motivation and energy

*       Maintain proper eye contact with speaker

*       Look for non verbal communication

*       Answer the questions of the speaker

 

Eng-101-Listening Skill-ppt

 Listening Skill-ppt

Heredity and Environment (Psychology-BPT)

 Heredity and Environment 

(Psychology-BPT)

Growth and Development (Psychology-BPT)

Growth and Development-PPT

ORGANS OF SPEECH AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

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